Introduction

The project addresses climate risks in India's diverse agro-climatic zones, where marginal agrarian communities rely on rich biodiversity and ecosystem services. Increasing climate variability—driven by ENSO, IOD, storms, floods, and droughts—threatens socio-ecological stability and livelihoods. While traditional agricultural practices have historically supported resilience, escalating climate challenges necessitate adaptive frameworks. Aligned with national policies like INDC, NAPA, and the Net Zero vision, this initiative integrates Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to enhance climate resilience. By merging traditional ecological knowledge with science-backed strategies, it fosters climate-smart agro-management systems that ensure food security, livelihood sustainability, and inclusive growth. The project also emphasizes technology transfer, capacity building, and equitable compensation to support community-led, scalable adaptation.